louse



(No Model.)

, I'. R. H. LOHSE.

DOOR.

No. 430,482. Patented June 17, 1890. l

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK R. Il. LOI-ISE, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

DOOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 430,482, dated June 17,1890.

Application filed February l2, 1890. Serial No. 340,103. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRANK R. II. IJOHSE, of the city of St. Iiouis, inthe State of Missouri, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Doors, &c.,of which the follow ing is a full, clear, andexact description, reference being had to the accompanying dravings,forming part of this specification.

This invention relates to the combination, with dovetail blind mortisesin dooeframes, dac., of expanding dovetail tenons, which, as theirexpanding wedges are driven home against the bind terminals of themortises, transform the shape of said tenons to fill said dovet-ailmortise, and so look the tenon-inortise joint 5 and the inventionconsists in features of :novelty hereinafter fully described, andpointed out in the claims. Y

Figure I is a front elevation of a door in which my invention isineorporated,with parts broken away to show the construction of thesame. Fig. Il is an enlarged detail vertical section and shows theexpanded tenon locked home within the dovetail blind mortise. Fig. IIIis a detail vertical section taken on line III III, Fig. II, and shows atransverse section of the expanded tenon that'fills the dovetail mortisein which it is locked and Fig. IV is a vertical section taken on line IVIV, Fig. Il, and shows one of the tongue-and-groove jointed panel-railsprovided with a channelgroove, within which the panel is held.

Referring to the drawings, I represents the vertical stiles of thedoor-frame, which may be a core-frame, as shown in the drawings, with aveneer covering 2 on its face and bead 3 on its out edges, but morefrequently the frame is not veneered, for as the mortise is blind anequal nish can be effected without veneer and as good a door beproduced. 4 are the horizontal cross-bars that couple said stilestogether, and together constitute said frame of the door.

5 represents dovetail blind mortises in the stiles of the frame, which,as their name denotes, stop short of penetrating through said Stiles,leaving a blind section 6 in the out edges of the stile that blind orhide the mortise and tenon inclosed therein from view and, when anoutside door, from the weather. The said mortise is made of a dovetailform, flaring diametricall y toward said blind section. The dovetailmortise is thus of such a form that it houses and locks the fiaringdovetail tenon '7, which is of uniform thickness, but flares in widthtoward its extremity when eX- panded. The ten on is thus locked in itsdovetail mortise, but it is evident that the enlarged dovetail fanterminal `of the tenon could not pass through the more restricted mouthof the mortise. Therefore the tenon in my device is primarilyconstructed of uniform diameter from the shoulder toits extremitycorresponding to the diameter of the mouth of the mortise. Vedges S arepreferably made of wood, as is the frame; but said wedges may be made ofiron or any other suitable mate` rial. 'lhe chisel-pointed ends of saidwedges are inserted transversely of the tenons at their farther ends,but not driven in Sudiciently to apprecably increase the diameter ofsaid tenon by the initial spread of the divergentlips 9 of the split.seat 10 of said wedge. The tenon can thus be freely entered 'through themouth of the dovetail mortise, and after the Haring end of the wedgesreach the blind sect-ion G at the remote end of said mortise the furtherinsertion of the tenon Within the mortise opens out or expands saidtenon into the flaring dovetail form shown in Figs. I, II, and III, thustightly filling up the dovetail mortise and locking the tenon therein,so as to elfecta tight firmly-held joint. Now the invention isespecially adapted for use in blind-mortise joints, it is evident thatsaid previous straight tenons could not beV eX- panded to their dovetaillocking form except by the means above described and shown,for the blindor closed section at the farther end of said mortise would bar the Wayfor the insertion of wedges; also,without said dovetail-tenonmortise-joint there cannot be as permanent a tight joint effected.

l1 represent the tongue-and-groove jointed panelfraine rails, Whosetongues l2 fit in the grooves I3, respectively, in thc stiles andcrossbars, and whose ehannehgrooves llhouse and hold the edges of thepanels 15 of said door.

The cross-bars of the door may be provided with single tenons, as showninthe second bar of the door in Fig. I and as shown in Fig. II, or theymay (and such is preferable with the IOO bottom bars of doors) beprovided with dual tenon mortise-joints, as shown in the bottomcross-bar joint, also shown in Fig. I, or with any number of said jointsdesired. The Wedges may, if desired, be dipped in glue or other adhesivematerial before their insertion to add to the tenacity of their hold.The Wedges are preferably inserted transversely near the out edges ofthe tenons, so as to both look said tenons and also thus, by at the sametime passing through the tongues 12 of the tongue and -groovepanelrails, both said tenons and rails are oonjointly interloeked Withinthe dovetail mortises of the stiles, and the various parts of the frameare thus firmly compacted and looked together. While the above is thepreferred posit-ion for the wedges,

they may, however, be inserted in any inter-r vening position in thetenon.

The invention is alike applicable for shutter and other frames, as wellas those of doors.

I claim as my invention- In door or like frames, the Combination of thestiles provided With dovetail blind mortises hid by blind sections atthe outer edges of the stiles, grooved cross-bars havin g tenons,panel-rails having tongues litting into the grooves of the cross-bars,the tenons of the latter and the ends of the panel-rails. entering saidmortises, and Wedges driven into the ends of the panel-rails to spreadthem Within the mortises, substantially as shown and described.

FRANK R. H. LoHsE.

In presence of- ENJN. A. KNIGHT, SAML. KNIGHT.

